An excess Prostate 4.8 of this protein in the blood is one Prostate 4.8 of the first signs of prostate cancer. The urethra is tube through which sperm and urine exit the body. As such, prostate 4.8 the prostate is also responsible for urine control. It can tighten and restrict the flow of urine through the urethra using thousands prostate 4.8 of tiny muscle fibers. Tiny changes occur in the shape and size of the prostate gland cells, known as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). This tends to happen slowly and does not show symptoms until further into the progression. Nearly 50 percent of all prostate 4.8 men over the age of 50 years have prostate 4.8 PIN. High-grade PIN is considered pre-cancerous, and it requires further investigation. Prostate cancer can be successfully treated if it is diagnosed Prostate 4.8 before metastasis, but if it spreads, it is more dangerous.
Stages Staging takes into account the size and extent of the tumor and the scale of the metastasis (whether it has traveled to other organs and tissues). At Stage 0, the tumor has neither spread from the prostate gland nor invaded deeply into it. At Stage 4, the cancer has spread to distant sites and organs. Diagnosis A doctor will carry out a Prostate 4.8 physical examination and enquire about any ongoing medical history. If the patient Has symptoms, Prostate 4.8 or if a routine blood test shows abnormally high PSA levels, further examinations may be requested. Imaging scans can show and track the presence of prostate cancer.
Imaging scans prostate 4.8 can show and track the presence of prostate cancer. Tests may include: a digital prostate 4.8 rectal examination (DRE), in which a doctor will prostate 4.8 manually check for any abnormalities of the prostate with their finger a biomarker test checking The blood, urine, or body tissues of a person with cancer for chemicals unique to individuals with cancer If these tests show abnormal results, further tests will include: Prostate 4.8 a PCA3 test examining the urine for the PCA3 gene only found in prostate cancer cells a transrectal ultrasound scan providing imaging of the affected region using a probe that emits sounds a biopsy, or the removal of 12 to 14 small pieces of tissue from several areas of the prostate prostate 4.8 for examination under a microscope These will help confirm the stage of the cancer, prostate 4.8 whether it has spread, and what treatment Prostate 4.8 Prostate 4.8 is appropriate. To track any spread, or metastasis, doctors may use a bone, CT scan, or MRI scan.
Outlook If the disease is found before it Spreads to other Prostate 4.8 organs in a process known as metastasis, the 5-year survival rate is 99 percent.
Once Prostate 4.8 the cancer metastasizes, or spreads, the 5-year Prostate 4.8 survival rate is 29 percent. Regular screening can help detect prostate cancer while it is still treatable. Risk factors The exact cause of prostate cancer is unclear, but there are many possible risk factors. Age Prostate cancer is rare among men under the Prostate 4.8 prostate 4.8 age of 45 years, but more common after the age of 50 years. Geography Prostate cancer occurs most frequently in North America, northwestern Europe, on the Caribbean islands, and in Australia. Genetic factors Certain genetic and ethnic groups have an increased risk of prostate cancer. In the U. S., prostate cancer is at least 60 percent more common and 2 to 3 times more deadly Prostate 4.8 Prostate 4.8 among black men than non-Hispanic white men. A man also has a much higher risk of developing cancer if his identical twin has it, and a man whose brother or father had prostate cancer has twice the risk of developing it compared to other Prostate 4.8 men.
Having a brother who has or has had prostate cancer is more of a genetic risk than having a father with the disease.
Diet Studies have suggested that a diet high in red meat or Prostate 4.8 high-fat dairy products may increase a person's chances of developing prostate cancer, but the link is neither confirmed nor clear. Medication Some research has suggested that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Others have linked NSAID use with a higher risk of death From the disease. This is a controversial area, and results have not been confirmed.
There has also been some investigation into whether statins might slow the progression of prostate cancer.
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